A Complicated War On Drugs - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 923 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: War On Drugs Essay Did you like this example? War on Drugs Drugs are being distributed illegally for a myriad of purposes. While in some cases drugs can have a positive impact, they can be equally if not more damaging to our society. Illicit drugs impact society financially and bring detrimental outcomes through usage. The never-ending war on drugs has cost one trillion dollars through means of acts banning the drugs creation and importation to be sold. While many law enforcement strategies have been put in place to end the war on drugs, it seemingly has no end. Therefore, officials search for a solution in the fight against drugs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Complicated War On Drugs" essay for you Create order A popular solution in fighting the war on drugs is legalizing marijuana as an alternative to other drugs. The legalization of marijuana saves more money for treatment and brings down the decline of money used to keep inmates incarcerated. Money not used for inmates which accounts for billions, can be used for stronger enforcement of illicit drugs that are being smuggled into the U.S and treatment centers for those who suffer from addiction. Conflict and symbolic interactionists both view the issue of drugs relating to ethnic minority groups and how drug related offenses have been played unfairly. Before Richard Nixon signed the Controlled Substances Act, cocaine was used primarily by white men and women, and was originally used in the popular soda beverage Coca Cola (Estes, 2013). Until black men became more associated with this drug, laws were placed on it banning it in 1901, with the Harrison Narcotics Act, therefore prohibiting the production and distribution of cocaine. During Richard Nixons time in office, he declared that drugs were public enemy number one. (Barber, 2016)   As part of his initiative, Nixon proposed stricter sentences for drug related crimes. In 1973, Nixon brought the Drug Enforcement Administration which focused primarily on the use of drugs and smuggling contraband into the U.S. Ronald Reagan reintroduced the War on Drugs that was originally pushed forth by Richard Nixon. When he was sworn into office, the fight was historically brought to light in 1971. His wife, Nancy Reagan, had introduced her campaign Just Say No for youth to turn down the offer of illicit drugs. With this upbringing in the Reagans movement against drugs, programs such as D.A.R.E were implemented in the schools for youth to take pledges and be paired with police officers for more influence and first-hand experience. Children often witness addiction in their families, and while children learn by behavior the result can be detrimental. When parents develop an addiction to drugs, the children suffer the most by taking on the role as parent, subsequently affecting their behaviors, decisions, financial needs, and education. Families with drug addicted parent(s) have a higher likely of living in poverty, becoming homeless, and thus bringing higher cases of abandonment in children (Treehouse, 2018) Children who witness these behaviors see drugs as mundane or acceptable continuing a futuristic cycle. Secondly, drug related violence and usage swamp our prison systems costing an estimated 12.6 billion dollars yearly at the expense of taxpayers (Desjardins, J. 2018). Guns play a deadly force in the protection for production and distribution in the drug market. Cocaine and heroin are illegal street drugs, while being highly addictive, they target lower minorities and maintain a flow of sale through an inten se crave by former users. The use of these drugs reaches an exponential 88 billion dollars (Desjardins, J. 2018). While cocaine and heroin bring in billions of dollars, imagine the sum of every illicit drug. The strain drug abuse has on our health system includes mental illness, and brain-related diseases. Costs involving drug-related incidents accounts for billions annually through government assistance, hospitals, and paying taxpayers for Medicaid. While many approaches to the war on drugs have showed little impact and caused a great loss of money, the solution to legalize types of drugs has brought a new approach. The legalization of marijuana means less arrests, spending, focus, and an alternative to other dangerous drugs. According to ACLUs original analysis, marijuana arrests now account for over half of all drug arrests in the United States. (ACLU, 2010). The legalization of this drug brings an experimental yet unorthodox solution to have focus put placed on marijuana rather than harmful drugs such as cocaine and heroin. Taking away the time and money used to punish and place users in prisons, government can use the money saved for prevention and shutting down the production of drugs, while providing treatment to former users Funding treatment against the cost of incarcerating inmates, it is less expensive than occupying prisons, and raising a higher chance of further use to stay away from the criminal justice system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conflict theorists argue that racism has been played into the use of drug use when minorities and people of color were linked to use. While many types of drugs may be dangerous, conflict theorists argue that intentional decisions have been made over which drugs are illegal and which ones are not. (Guerro, L. 2010) In the early 1900s, drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, and heroin were not seen as illegal. Crack cocaine, much cheaper than powdered cocaine, thus becomes the drug of choice to those with limited financial resources. Due to its popularity by ethnic minorities using this form of the drug, it was banned by the government. For drug-related incarcerations, harsher sentencing has grown for people in the criminal justice system. Both symbolic interactionists and conflict theorists believe that drug laws are not equal among minority groups because certain groups were and still are singled out.

Cirque Du Soliel s Life Essay - 1626 Words

During August of 2015 I took a trip to Las Vegas, Nevada where I had the pleasure of watching Cirque Du Soliel’s, Kà  . Known by many as the most daring and expensive Cirque show ever produced. I watched an evening performance at its resident home at the MGM Grand, a luxurious home for a show that has been seen by millions of people. Having seen previous Cirque Du Soliel shows I had high expectations for the hit show. For the first time in the Cirque Du Soliel’s rich history, the company wanted to produce a show that would depart from the idea of telling a story through complex abstract visuals and tell it in a more candid, simple way that could be understood by the most novice of theatre goers. To help take on this gargantuan task they acquired the skills of director Robert Lepage, an award winning, actor, director and producer. With an eye watering budget of $165 million ( £134 million) Lepage created and directed Kà   which first premiered on February 3rd, 2005. The word Kà  , originates from an Egyptian belief that the human has a spiritual duplicate that accompanies them throughout their living life into the next. The shows plot follows two themes that run parallel to each other throughout the scenes. â€Å"Conflict and Love†. Through death defying acrobatics, martial arts and various other incredible physical feats the cast of the show tell the story of Imperial twins who are separated during their youth. They must proceed through their own rite of passage of self-discovery.

Strategic Plan for Journal of Development Economics- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Plan for Journal of Development Economics. Answer: Introduction Strategic planning is the procedure through which organization could develop plans in order to operate the activities in an appropriate manner for attainment of the organizational goals and the objectives. Available resources of the organization should also be analysed as well as the allocated in the appropriate departments of the organization. Strategic planning is the crucial procedure mainly comes in the action before launching of the new product or new business within the workplace. In order to the attainment of the desired goals and the objectives, this planning is being made. It also involves the crucial activities of the mission, visions, and the targets of the organization. The strategies used to reach to those goals and for the attainment of those objectives; this type of planning is done. Under this report, strategic planning in relevance with the MacVille espresso coffee machines will be done. Organization is planning to set up these coffee machines in Australia. Their mai n aim is to develop these coffee machines at all states of Australia within the next five years. MacVille has planned to set up the coffee machines except the Northern Territory because organization is not able to find an appropriate repairing agent over there. For the attainment of the adequate place in the dynamic business environment, organization has developed certain objectives and to attain those objectives, KPIs and the strategies will be covered under this report. Apart from this, the strategic plan will be developed in order to discuss the plans outcomes with the CEO of the organization. Objectives of the MacVille Objective 1: The first objective of the organization to set up espresso coffee machines in every famous and most visited places. This will help the public to get the coffee easily and conveniently as per their requirements and this will be a vending type of machine. MacVille has developed this objective reviewing the demand of the coffee in the Australian states. MacVille has developed this objective with the view to enhance their market presence in the target market (Huang, 2011). Apart from this, organization has the objective to set up these vending coffee machines in whole Australia within next five years. This will raise the organizations revenues as well as it will also be helpful for the consumers to get the coffee at cheap fares. To attain this objective, organization has developed certain strategies such as: The first strategy was developed in relevance with the objective of the organization to set up 200 coffee machines in a year across the Australia in the first phase. But due to certain issues in the Northern Territory and in the north Queensland, organization was not able to match up with their set targets as only 180 machines were installed in the last year (Hoskisson, et. al., 2013). Apart from this, organization was willing to set up a warehouse in the Melbourne within 2 years of setting up a warehouse in the Sydney. But the actual outcomes did not matched with the expected outcomes and Melbournes warehouse is still under construction process. The next strategy was outsourcing for the maintenance of the machines in the major parts of the Australia in order to attain the desired goals and the objectives. The target was set up for the South Australia, Western Australia, Northern Territory, Tasmania and ACT but as expected organization was not able to find the agents for outsourcing of the machines in the Northern territory of the Australia and in those areas, they got the outsourcing agents, they were also very expensive. Due to this issue, organization was not able to match up with its requirements as well as the organizations motive of controlling the cost was also meeting with the expectations (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Objective 2: The next objective was to enhance the profits rate of the organization in next five years. Organization has decided to enhance its profit margins with 5% hike from the last profits recorded in 2010. In order to attain these targets, organization has developed various KPIs and strategies for attaining those. Organization decided to buy the whole container load in the initial phase with the objective to fulfil the demand of the consumers. The same results were obtained as expected and the volume which was purchased in order to fulfil the demand, the same objective was achieved. Management of MacVille espresso coffee decided to adopt some effective and efficient strategies through which appropriate goals could be attained. In order to attain the goals, they developed the policy in which workers basic needs will be fulfilled at the optimum level for influencing them towards the work and to attain efficient results. For the same, they set the target of 12.5% wages to the turnover ratio (Greckhamer Gur, 2015). But due to certain concerns, all the states of the organization was not able to perform as per the standards set up, a slightly increase was recorded in the turnover ratio i.e. 13.8%. With the effect of this, organization fell too short to attain the adequate growth in the profits as the actual rate of profit increased with 2% only which was too short from the expectations were set. Objective 3: The further objectives were enhancing the market value of the MacVille brand in the target market in the particular period of time. With regards to this, organization has developed certain polices and the strategies to enhance their brand value till 50% in the Australian market. For attaining the particular ratio of the brand value, organization has adopted various strategies such as promotion of the company and its newly launched coffee machines will be promoted through digital as well print medium of advertisement and the promotion (Grant, 2016). Organization has used various strategies in relevance with the objective of enhancing the brand promotion; organization has adopted the strategy of social media platforms marketing strategy. With the implementation of this strategy, organization will be able to promote its brand and the new products launched in the target market effectively and efficiently. With the effect of adequate promotional techniques, organization expected that approximately 10, 000 clicks will easily be achieved on the website of the organization but the outcomes which were actually achieved was 12, 000 clicks. Due to this, organizational managements and its employees confidence towards the accomplishment of the task of setting up coffee machines was boosts up (Gandhi Jain, 2011). Apart from this, MacVille decided to promote its brand and the product through printed cups with their brand name and by providing adequate margins to the cafes for installing their coffee machines at their workplace. This will enhance the demand of the MacVille espresso coffee amongst the consumers across the whole Australia. But due to non-attractive designs and the colours of the cups, organization was failed to attain the expected outcomes from this strategy (Bond Saggi, 2014). After evaluating the overall outcomes, it was observed that organization gets the extra benefits from the branding promotional techniques used. As the organization was expecting 50% increase in the demand of the brand while they got 86% enhancement in the same (Freeman, 2010). Objective 4: Apart from the above objectives, organization decided to control its waste production from the functionalities of the organization as well as enhancement of the energy resources was also expected. These objectives were developed with the perceptive of enhancing the growth of the organization as well as to enhance the demand of the coffee machines set up by the organization in the target market (Forstmann, et. al., 2010). Organization has developed a benchmark of the 10% reduction in the waste production and enhancement in the energy resources for the organization in relation with the rate of waste and energy was attained in 2010. To attain this target, organization has adopted the strategy of setting up innovations and the reward programs for attaining the desired objectives. For attaining this objective in the workplace, organization has developed the strategy of working upon the 25 suggestions received from the consumers per year. Addition to this plan, 6 new innovations should also be implemented within the workplace in order to attain the organizational goals and the objectives. The results were exceptional because 30 suggestions were implemented with the 8 innovations for enhancing the demand of the organizational products and to reduce the waste production (Finkle, 2012). In terms of increasing the rate of the energy resources, organization planned to decrease the usage of the power to 10kW per person but due to late adaptation and the implementation of this strategy within the workplace, organization was failed to attain this objective and the outcome was attained 12kW per person (Carroll Shabana, 2010). Timeframe, priority and responsible party of the Strategies Strategies Timeframe Responsible Party KPIs Brand promotion and marketing Before launching the product in the target market Marketing Team and the management Internet- social media Spreading information regarding the newly launched product 1-2 weeks from the date of launching of the product Marketing team and the management Display promotion of the coffee machines in the favourite places I the target market Agreement with Java Estate 2-4 weeks Production team and the management Setting up 200 machines per year in the target market Outsourcing of the machine maintenance contracts 4-6 weeks Head of administration team For every part of the Australia, separate outsourcing contract will be signed to maintain the machines performance. Bulk purchase 6-8 weeks Purchasing team Purchasing of 100% volume container loads Productivity and consistency in every departments performance 8-10 weeks Production department, management team Wage ratio to the labour turnover should be decreased to 12.5% Adaptation of innovation 10-12 weeks Research Development team Taking suggestions from the consumers and adaptation of adequate innovative techniques in order to enhance the organizational performance. Energy awareness and reduction in the waste 12-14 weeks Management team Per person usage should be 10kW Establishment of second warehouse 2 years after establishment of warehouse in Sydney Management team Within 2 years after the development of the Sydneys warehouse Role of Responsible parties While identifying the roles of the organizational parties in the performance of the organization of introduction of the coffee machines in the Australian market, certain parties have crucial roles in attainment of the organizational goals and the objectives (Eteokleous, Leonidou Katsikeas, 2016). Management Team: It is the department which is responsible for performing various activities of the organization. In the performance of the MacVille, strategies of brand promotion, spreading information in relevance with the introduction of coffee machines, setting up machines in the various places of the target market, introducing energy awareness and the reduction in the waste production and the establishment of the second warehouse in the target market will be performed by the management of the MacVille. From the 9 strategies, 6 strategies were under the control of the MacVille management team and only 2 strategies outcome was attained as per the expectations or more than the expectations. Hence, organization needs to amend its strategies in order to enhance the organizational performance (Connolly, Connolly Feinstein, 2016). Marketing Team: Marketing team of the organization has major responsibilities of the successful implementation of the two crucial strategies. Brand promotion and spreading awareness amongst the audience of the target market depends upon the marketing team of the MacVille. Outcome of these strategies outcome was attained as per the expectations. Production Team: They are responsible for developing adequate quantity of the coffee machines to deliver the products in the target market as per the demand of the consumers (Dimaano, Suthiwongsunthorn Yang, 2015). Administration: One of the major responsibilities i.e. outsourcing of the contracts for the maintenance of the coffee machines at the various parts of the target market. Purchasing team: They are responsible for purchasing adequate quantity of the raw material required for the production of the coffee machines (Cummings Worley 2014). Research development: They are responsible for adopting adequate innovative technologies in order to enhance the performance of the coffee machines which will lead to enhancement in the growth rate of the organization (Demil Lecocq, 2010). Cover Statement and Conclusion The overall objective of the organization is to set up various coffee machines in all states of Australia and in order to attain the organizational goals, various strategies has been developed with the appropriate KPIs (Key Performance Indicators). To complete the process and to enhance the organizational goal of setting up coffee machines in the Australian market in next five years, various research and the processes were conducted. For the purpose of attainment of the organizational objectives such as reduction in the waste production, enhancement in the profitability, etc. various key performance indicators have been developed. References Bond, E. W., Saggi, K. (2014). Compulsory licensing, price controls, and access to patented foreign products.Journal of Development Economics,109, 217-228. Carroll, A.B. Shabana, K.M. (2010). The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research and practice.International journal of management reviews,vol. 12 (1), pp.85-105. Connolly Jr, W.B., Connolly, M.J. Feinstein, J. (2016). Law Journal Press. A Practical Guide to Equal Employment Opportunity. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Demil, B. Lecocq, X. (2010). Business model evolution: in search of dynamic consistency.Long range planning.vol. 43 (2), pp.227-246. Dimaano, A. B., Suthiwongsunthorn, N., Yang, Y. B. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 9,023,690. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Eteokleous, P. P., Leonidou, L. C., Katsikeas, C. S. (2016). Corporate social responsibility in international marketing: review, assessment, and future research.International Marketing Review,33(4), 580-624. Finkle, T. A. (2012). Corporate entrepreneurship and innovation in Silicon Valley: The case of Google, Inc.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,36(4), 863-884. Forstmann, B. U., Anwander, A., Schfer, A., Neumann, J., Brown, S., Wagenmakers, E. J., Turner, R. (2010). Cortico-striatal connections predict control over speed and accuracy in perceptual decision making.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,107(36), 15916-15920. Freeman, R.E. (2010). Cambridge University Press. Strategic management: A stakeholder approach Gandhi, V.P. Jain, D. (2011).Indian Institute of Management. Institutional Innovations and Models in the Development of Agro-food Industries in India: Strengths, Weakness, and Lessons. Grant, R. M. (2016).Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Greckhamer, T., Gur, F. A. (2015). A Set Theoretic Study of Generic Strategies and Firm Performance Differences. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 15849). Academy of Management. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hoskisson, R.E., Wright, M., Filatotchev, I. Peng, M.W. (2013). Emerging multinationals from mid?range economies: The influence of institutions and factor markets.Journal of Management Studies,vol. 50 (7), pp.1295-1321. Huang, K.F. (2011). Technology competencies in competitive environment.Journal of Business Research,vol. 64 (2), pp.172-179.

Issues in Auditing Practice

Question: Discuss about theIssues in Auditing Practice. Answer: Audit Planning Preliminary Judgment of Materiality The general ledger accounts reflect the existing balances of Bob's Bikes that would have an impact on the financial condition of the business entity. Therefore, the concept of materiality in the case of would analyze accounts that are overstated. According to Arens (2012), The depreciation as well as the cost of sales in the business entity can be considered for evaluation irrespective of their quantitative materiality. The cost of sales would reflect the total amount of expenditure that would be necessary for the manufacturing as well as the distribution of goods (Arens et al. 2012). Analytical Review The trial balance of the business organization presents the detail of each of the financial transactions that is happening within the business entity (Biggs et al. 2012). If the trial balance of the business organizations is, considered business items like Cash at bank, inventory as well as accounts receivable as well as wages superannuation as well as the owners equity of a business entity. Five Accounts Selected and Rationales The five accounts that are to be considered are Inventory, Sales, Owners equity as well as the wages. Rationale- It is very necessary to analyze the reasons behind the selection of the five accounts for passing on judgment of materiality. The following accounts are evaluated in an in-depth manner. Cash at Bank- The cash at bank represent the financial position of the business enterprise. Sales - The sales account would reflect the amount of revenue that is available to the business organization in a quarterly or annual basis. Therefore, the sales account of the business organization shall reveal the market growth achieved by the business organization in terms of revenue. Owners equity - The owners equity would state the necessary amount of investments made by the owner in the business (Budescu et al. 2012). As such, the owners equity is one of the essential components that are stated in the balance sheet of the business organization. Therefore, the owners equity is a substantial portion of the total assets of a business Wages The concept of materiality would have to be judged from the point of view of the amount of wages paid to the workers on a monthly basis (Boritz and Huo 2013). The payment of monthly wages is a necessary part of the operational expenditures of a business entity. The auditing measures must consider the wages paid, so that no financial data is manipulated deliberately. Sample Selection Explanation/Demonstration of Sampling Technique The systematic method of sampling has been used in selecting the sales transactions in a particular accounting period. The systematic method of sampling entails dividing the number of sampling units by the population size within a business unit (Chandler and Edwards 2015). The revenue account selected is the sales account. The systematic sampling technique has been selecting the financial transactions based on their value as well as their relevance to a business enterprise (Contessotto and Moroney 2014). The sampling technique has been choosing the financial transactions based on their monetary value as well as their impact on the financial statements of a business entity. Benefits of Selected Sampling Technique The following are the advantages of systematic sampling method Cost effective- The systematic random sampling method is cost effective and provides a number of options to employer. As such, the management of a business enterprise would not have to incur considerable expense in running the audit procedure. The systematic sampling method is cheaper than the other modes of sampling techniques (Evetts 2014). Simplistic- The systematic random sampling method is simplistic yet effective. Therefore, this would enable the business enterprise in the systematic implementation of the audit procedure, which would help the organization in facilitating transparency as well as authenticity of the financial statements of an entity. Relevance- The systematic random sampling method has acquired considerable relevance for the audit procedures implemented in the audit procedure. As such, the systematic random sampling method can be applicable to any sector for the purpose of audit. (Furnha and Gunter 2015). The haphazard technique is executed without considering any specific structure. In addition, the haphazard technique can require extra time when compared to the systematic sampling method (Griffith et al. 2012). The haphazard technique can bring biasness to the auditing process in a business entity. Thus, this would have a considerable adverse influence on the auditing process that is being implemented. The random sampling method also has several limitations and it is not as effective as the systematic sampling method of collecting financial transactions. The random sampling method can be only used in gathering of physical evidence for the research procedure (Hayes et al., 2014). The random sampling method is also rigid and is not adaptable to the changing circumstances. As such, the random sampling method cannot be used when there is adequate complexity in the financial operations of a business entity. Therefore, the random sampling method would not be suitable for Bobs Bikes Considerations in Substantive Testing and Collecting Audit Evidence A substantive audit approach shall allow the auditor to gather the intrinsic details about each financial transaction. Thus, the auditors team would verify each vouchers of the financial transaction taken within the organization. This process of audit would enable the auditor to find out the discrepancies in the operational strategies and take the necessary measures to prevent any kind of financial losses (Johnstone et al. 2013). The audit assertion of occurrence would be the most appropriate factor that has to be considered in the development of the operational strategies of the business enterprise. (Tabor 2013). The occurrence would state the event at that point of which the financial transactions have been a part of the organization. Besides this, each of the aspects of the financial transactions would have to be analyzed to ensure there is no manipulation of data. Vouching would be a more appropriate form of audit than testing. As such, this would entail selecting a group of accounting journals and ledgers from the books of accounts that can be expected to have a maximum impact on the operational procedures and the financial condition of the business entity. In addition, noted that vouching would provide the opportunity to the auditing team to take the necessary measures for the development of the organizational policies for the business enterprise (Srivastava and Shafer 2012). The purpose of vouching would be established if the physical evidence of each financial transaction is matched with the amount that is established in the books of accounts for the organization (Kumar and Sharma 2015). Tracing would be more appropriate if the scale of operations for the organization is low. As such, vouching would be more appropriate than tracing and would assist the business entity to find out the discrepancies in the books of accounts of the organization. The auditing assertion of accuracy is one of the factors that would have an impact on the authenticity of the financial statements prepared at the end of a year. As such, accuracy would help the auditing team to determine the level of accuracy currently existing within the financial statements prepared at the end of a year and the necessary measures that can be adopted. Furthermore, the auditing assertion of accuracy would help the business enterprise in ascertaining that the payment of wages as well as the salaries has been calculated in an appropriate manner (Rust et al. 2011). The audit assertion of accuracy is a significant part of the auditing procedures implemented in a business enterprise (Lenz and Sarens 2012). The annual expenses consisting of the fixed as well as the variable cost of the organization would have to be thoroughly analyzed to prevent any kind of financial manipulation on the part of the organization. A misstatement of $20000 cannot be considered acceptable since this would have an adverse impact on the financial position. Besides this, a misstatement of $200000 would result in inaccuracies in the financial statements prepared at the end of a year. Therefore, misstatement of $20000 cannot be deemed acceptable. The magnitude of misstatement would not be relevant if tests of control were applicable instead of the substantive testing method. Therefore, the tests of control in an auditing procedure would refer to testing the benefits or effectiveness of the control procedures implemented in an entity to detect any manipulation or the misappropriation of funds of an entity. The tests of control shall have to be used in the facilitation of authenticity of the books of accounts for the business enterprise (Messier Jr 2016). The tests of control could be classified into three categories like re-performance, observation as well as inspection. Thus, any misstatement of $20000 would not be easily detected by the internal control method adopted in the audit procedure. The following information can be considered necessary before the publication of the auditing results: Financial Policies Data shall have to be gathered regarding the kind of financial policies that is adopted in a business organization for the execution of the business functionalities in an organization. External Financing - Auditors need to acquire the necessary information regarding the external financing strategies that are being adopted in case there is a shortage of funds. If the financial condition of business entity de-stabilizes due to misappropriation of funds or there is wastage of financial resources for the business enterprise a part year trial balance can be used for substantive testing of the auditing procedures (Peters 2012). In addition, it would offer the necessary guidelines that can be taken to implement the corrective measures. In the case of Bobs Bikes, there would be increased financial complexities since the business entity has been operating in a large scale. List of References Arens, A.A., Elder, R.J. and Beasley, M.S., 2012. Auditing and assurance services: an integrated approach. Prentice Hall Biggs, S.F., Mock, T.J. and Watkins, P.R., 2012. Auditor's use of analytical review in audit program design. Accounting Review, pp.148-161. Boritz, J.E. and Huo, K., 2013. Business Models and Audit Risk Assessment: An Investigation of Alternative Information Presentation Techniques. In CAAA Annual Conference. Budescu, D.V., Peecher, M.E. and Solomon, I., 2012. The joint influence of the extent and nature of audit evidence, materiality thresholds, and misstatement type on achieved audit risk. Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory, 31(2), pp.19-41. Chandler, R.A. and Edwards, J.R., 2014. Recurring Issues in Auditing (RLE Accounting): Professional Debate 1875-1900. Routledge. Contessotto, C. and Moroney, R., 2014. The association between audit committee effectiveness and audit risk. Accounting Finance, 54(2), pp.393-418. Evetts, J., 2014. The concept of professionalism: Professional work, professional practice and learning. In International Handbook of Research in Professional and Practice-based Learning (pp. 29-56). Springer Netherlands. Furnham, A. and Gunter, B., 2015. Corporate Assessment (Routledge Revivals): Auditing a Company's Personality. Routledge. Griffith, E.E., Hammersley, J.S. and Kadous, K., 2012. Auditing complex estimates: Understanding the process used and problems encountered. W orking paper, University of Georgia. Hayes, R., Wallage, P. and Gortemaker, H., 2014. Principles of auditing: an introduction to international standards on auditing. Pearson Higher Ed. Johnstone, K., Gramling, A. and Rittenberg, L.E., 2013. Auditing: A Risk-Based Approach to Conducting a Quality Audit. Cengage Learning. Kumar, R. and Sharma, V., 2015. Auditing: Principles and Practice. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Lenz, R. and Sarens, G., 2012. Reflections on the internal auditing profession: what might have gone wrong?. Managerial Auditing Journal, 27(6), pp.532-549. Messier Jr, W., 2016. Auditing assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Peters, J.M., 2012. A knowledge-based model of inherent audit risk assessment. Rust, M., Barrows, F., Hardy, R., Lazur, A., Naughten, K., Silverstein, J. 2011. The Future of Aquafeeds, NOAA/USDA Alternative Feeds Initiative, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS F/SPO-124. Srivastava, R.P. and Shafer, G.R., 2012. Belief-function formulas for audit risk. Accounting Review, pp.249-283. Tabor, R.H., 2013. Internal control evaluations and audit program revisions: some additional evidence. Journal of Accounting Research, pp.348-354.